The analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties of palmitoylethanolamide have been known for decades but they were initially poorly understood. During the 1990s Italian Nobel Prize laureate Dr. Rita Levi-Montalcini caused renewed worldwide attention among researchers when she showed for the first time that palmitoylethanolamide may control overactive inflammatory cells in many diseases. This insight was the engine behind the clinical revival of palmitoylethanolamide over the past decades.